Essay --

Disease and disobliges affect a vast amount of lives in todays world. Diseases are conditions that affect traffic pattern functions of the body. Many diseases and disorders are still being discovered and explored by scientists. One disorder that can disturb a persons daily liveliness and events is Generalized Anxiety Disorder also known as GAD. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a disorder causing constant and often phantasmagorical worry and anxiety. It alters the way a person thinks and can ultimately lead to natural symptoms. This disorder, while having many physical and emotional affects, can be managed and maintained. PathophysiologyWorry, doubt, irritability, overdraw anxiety, and unexplained tension are just a few of the many effects of Generalized Anxiety Disorder or GAD. While the symptoms arent emotional state threatening, they remain unpleasant to control and many feel so overwhelmed, this can lead to patients use of substances and occasionally suicide. Though the cause of this disorder remains unknown, the main source of GAD comes from the brain. Genetics, Brain chemistry, and environmental factors are believed to be the main causes of onset of GAD. Trauma and stressful events, such as abuse, the stopping point of a loved one, divorce, changing jobs or schools, may lead to GAD(WebMD Anxiety & Panic Disorders Health Center, 2012, p.2). The neurotransmitters tell the brain how to feel and react. Many neurotransmitters take hold been connected to this disorder, including serotonin, GABA, and Norepinephrine. When hormones become thrown off or unbalanced this can also trigger Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Calm Clinic Neurotransmitters and Anxiety states (2013), Interestingly, too often or too little of any hormone may also affect anxiet... ...d health professionals as well. Medical practitioners encourage healthy habits, such as an exercise plan, to push the body to producing and releasing more endorphins. The medical provider may also recommend life style changes and that the patient find a hobby to preoccupy those anxious thoughts. There are many options available to help a patient deal with this illness.Generalized Anxiety Disorder is nice more commonly recognized every day by healthcare providers therefore the physical and mental symptoms are becoming more easily managed. The worrying, stress, and physical symptoms brought on by GAD can be treated with many options, previously not available. While an untreated patient may feel helpless and helpless, with a treatment plan created by healthcare professionals, a person can feel like they are in control of their mental stipulation and life again.

The High Price of Urban Sprawl Essay -- Urbanization Urban Essays

Urban sprawl is a social pattern describing the way cities continue to grow outward uncontrollably. People who do not want to live in an urban atmosphere often seek refuge in suburban areas that have access to metropolitan areas. As much people follow this trend the suburban areas remitly become developed and new areas must be sought for people to inhabit. This leaves some city workers exchange in trains, cars, or even buses for hours. Urban sprawl is not the luxury that it seems to be but actually a social pattern with a abundant deal of costs. Although people who submit to urban sprawl believe they are getting the best of both worlds, working in the center of development turn also sustenance away from it, they also suffer great losses. Land is used improperly, the environment is damaged, and a long and expensive commute is created. While it seems that living away from the city is worthwhile to people in the present, the benefits come with some very high costs. Some people who deal with urban sprawl in the northeast linked States make very long commutes from New Jersey to New York City. It is not uncommon for people to commute up to one speed of light miles one way to get to work. No matter the form of transportation this proves to be a very long trip twice a sidereal day five days a week. Traffic is inevitable with umpteen other people going across the George Washington Bridge, or taking major highways much(prenominal) as the New Jersey Turnpike into New York. According to the 2000 US Census Bureau Statistical Abstract, miles driven to work has been on a slow rise in the United states since 1969.Info from Census Bureau 1969 1990 1995MILES Home to Work- 4,183 ... ...me than others but still present for all. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that undoubtedly comes with many costs, however benefits also exist. In terms of a cost benefit analysis, the answer to the quest ion, Is it really worth it? lies in the individual. Works CitedCiscel, David H. The Economics of Urban sit Inefficiency as a Core Feature of Metropolitan Growth. ledger of Economic Issue, Jun 2001, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p405, 9pGordon, Peter and Richardson, Harry. Critiquing Sprawls Critiques Policy Analysis, January 24, 2000 Mckee, David and Smith, Gerald. Environmental Diseconomies of Urban Expansion. American Journal of Economics and SociologySheehan, Molly O Merar. Cars Drive Up the Costs of URBAN SPRAWL. USA Today Magazine, 20020101, Vol. 130, Issue 2680US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000, p631, 632

Why We Baptize in Jesus Name :: essays research papers

Why We Baptize in deliverer NameIntroduction The subject of water baptism has long been called a great issue and no doubt has been made such by many church leaders of the past and present. In our study of it, let us first consider its importance, or the necessity of being baptized.The Importance of Water Baptism Christian water baptism is an ordinance instituted by Jesus Christ. If it is not important in the plan of God, why did Jesus command it in Matthew 2819? And why did Peter follow up by saying, "Be baptized every one of you," and by supreme the Gentiles to be baptized (Acts 238 1048)? We must remember two points about the importance of water baptism. First, whatever Christ definitely pinpointd and ordained cannot be unimportant, whether we understand its significance or not. Second, Christ and the apostles showed the importance of this ordinance by observing it. Jesus walked many miles to be baptized, though He was without sin, saying, "For thus it becometh us t o fulfill all righteousness" (See Matthew 313-16.) It is true that water itself does not contain any saving virtue, but God has chosen to include it in His plan of salvation. Peter explained, "Baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a grave conscience toward God) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ" (I Peter 321). fit to Luke 730, "the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized."The Mode of Baptism According to the Scriptures, the proper mode of baptism is immersion. "And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water" (Matthew 316). "And they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch and he baptized him" (Acts 838). "Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death" (Romans 64). A corpse is not buried by placing it on top of the ground and calumny a little soil on it, but by covering it comple tely. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, "At first all baptism was by complete immersion" (vol. 1, p.651). And the Catholic Encyclopedia states, "In the early centuries, all were baptized by immersion in streams, pools, and baptisteries" (vol. 2, p.263). Immersion was not convenient after the Catholic church instituted infant baptism thus the mode was changed to sprinkling. (See Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed.

Animal Farms Essay -- Literary Analysis, Orwell

Though Communism started in the early 1900s, its adverse effects are still felt in modern economies, spheric relations, and even literature such as wildcat Farm by George Orwell. Communism started under the rule of Vladimir Lenin a man who brought prosperity and reform. Then it was passed overthrow to the vengeful dictator Joseph Stalin. After several changes in power, it remains as an economic and political system. resembling the animals in Animal Farm the pile privation a great change, and are willing to stop at no cost. However, like the Russian people they soon find out that by victimization communism to free them from bondage, they are only slaves to a new master and lose all reminisce of past culture. The winter of 1917 was one of the harshest winters Russia had faced in years. Food was scarce and the people were ravaged with disease. Peasants morosely toiled in the fields only to see their harvest consumed by the aristocracy. Each day was a prolonging of the fatal rev olution to come. However, like all great revolutions, they needed both an ideological leader, and one with the ability to carry out the actual revolution. These qualities were found in Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Like experient Major in Animal Farm, Karl Marx spurs the revolution with the idea that the proletariats no longer have to be subservient to the Bourgeoisie (Marx xi). The animals had the incentive to follow Old Major, because he envisioned a totally equal society and wonders such as hot and cold water in all barns. A classless society appealed to the majority of Russians of whom 80% were serfs (Gottfried 79). Now that the ideological aspect had been taken care of they just needed someone to put the plan into action. Vladimir Lenin was the head of the loss (those of ... ...Putin is the current Prime Minister of Russia and has said he wishes to run again in the next elections. Though the Cold War has been over for more than 19 years communism has soured Russian relation s with the U.S. and all the countries it previously occupied. Russia is still undergoing economic and political transition, but like the animals in Animal Farm, in order to gain freedom they have become their own worst enemies capitalists.In conclusion the deceiving lure of utopian communism is depicted in Animal Farm by George Orwell. Like the Russian people the animals hope to have a totally equal society, but for this dream they must sacrifice more than more. They eventually succumb to totalitarian communism and in order to gain freedom must pay the ultimate price. For the animals it was becoming the humans and for the Russian people it was succumbing to capitalism.

The John F. Kennedy Conspiracy Essay -- John F. Kennedy JFK conspiracy

The John F. Kennedy ConspiracyOn November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy arrived in Dallas to a crowd of excitedpeople lining the streets hoping to rule a glance of the President. As his motorcade proceeded down Elm Street, Governor Connallys wife said, You cant say that Dallas isnt friendly to you today Mr. President. Upon that, John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States was assassinated. The United States mourned the death of its schoolgirlish and inspiring President. It has been many years since the assassination of John F. Kennedy and people are still uncertain as to who was actually responsible for his assassination. Through the years in that respect have been numerous theories that the CIA and the FBI were somehow linked to the assassination.Though many would doubt that the presidents own government would conspire to murder him there are several executable reasons for their potential participation in an assassination plot. The Bay of Pigs was the spark that ignited the devastating fire. 1500 CIA trained anti-Castro expatriates were sent to seize Cuba. At the critical last mo President Kennedy cancelled the air strikes which were supposed to disable Castros air force. As a result more than 100 of the CIAs men were killed the remaining agents surrendered. (Morrissey)Kennedy took full earthly concern responsibility for the Bay of Pigs disaster though secretly he blamed the CIA. Kennedy fired three of the CIA?s top men whom were responsible for the operation theatre director Allen Dulles, who was later a member of the Warren Commission (Lifton 176), General Cabell, and Richard Bissel. (Morrissey) After the CIA lost time, effort, and people in the attempt to secure Cuba, the CIA became hostile and wanted to get rid of Kennedy to prevent him from losing more ground, especially in Vietnam.Adding to the fire were Kennedy?s secret commitments to pulling out of Vietnam and his threat to?Smash the CIA into a gramme pieces and fool away them in the wind? (Belzer 79)There were three known attempts on taking JFK?s life in the fall of 1963. In late October, Thomas Arthur Vallee was arrested by the secret service in Chicago days before a scheduled visit by Kennedy. Vallee was discovered to have an M-1 rifle, a handgun, and three thousand rounds of ammunition. Days later, the Secret Service received another threat Kennedy would b... ...nd all of them were fired from Lee Harvey Oswald. The Commission stated that there was no conspiracy, domestic or international, and that there was no connection between Jack Ruby and Oswald. However, through the twenty six volumes and the approximately thirteen thousand pages of testimonies and documentary exhibits traces of testimonies from Kennedy?s physicians, Dallas physicians, eyewitnesses, or civilian films cannot be found.Works CitedBelzar, Richard. UFO?s, JFK, and Elvis conspiracies you don?t have to be crazy to believe. New York The Ballantine Publishing Group, 1999. Gale ano, Eduardo. Memory of Fire terce Century of the Wind. Part Three of a Trilogy, translated by Cedric Belfrage Pantheon Books, 1988.Gest, Ted, at al. JFK The Untold Story of the Warren Commission. U.S. News & World Report 17 August 1992 28-42.JFK. Dir. Oliver Stone. Warner Bros, 1991.Lifton, David S. surmount Evidence. New York Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc, 1980.Peterson, Roger S. Declassified. American History July/ August 1996 22-26, 54-57.The Bay of Pigs Revisited. Ed. Michael D. Morrissey. May. 1993. 3 May. 2000.

The John F. Kennedy Conspiracy Essay -- John F. Kennedy JFK conspiracy

The John F. Kennedy ConspiracyOn November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy arrived in Dallas to a crowd of phreneticpeople lining the streets hoping to get a glimpse of the President. As his motorcade proceeded down Elm Street, Governor Connallys wife said, You cant say that Dallas isnt friendly to you today Mr. President. Upon that, John F. Kennedy, the ordinal President of the United States was assassinated. The United States mourned the death of its young and inspiring President. It has been many years since the assassination of John F. Kennedy and people are still uncertain as to who was actually responsible for his assassination. Through the years there have been numerous theories that the CIA and the FBI were somehow linked to the assassination.Though many would doubt that the presidents own government would conspire to murder him there are several possible reasons for their potential participation in an assassination plot. The Bay of Pigs was the spark that ignited the de vastating fire. 1500 CIA trained anti-Castro expatriates were displace to seize Cuba. At the critical last moment President Kennedy cancelled the air strikes which were supposed to disable Castros air force. As a result much than 100 of the CIAs men were killed the remaining agents surrendered. (Morrissey)Kennedy took full public responsibility for the Bay of Pigs disaster though secretly he blamed the CIA. Kennedy fired three of the CIA?s top men whom were responsible for the operation Director Allen Dulles, who was later a member of the Warren electric charge (Lifton 176), General Cabell, and Richard Bissel. (Morrissey) After the CIA lost time, effort, and people in the attempt to secure Cuba, the CIA became hostile and wanted to get rid of Kennedy to prevent him from losing more ground, especially in Vietnam.Adding to the fire were Kennedy?s secret commitments to pulling divulge of Vietnam and his threat to?Smash the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter them in the wind? (B elzer 79)There were three known attempts on taking JFK?s life in the fall of 1963. In late October, Thomas Arthur Vallee was arrested by the secret service in Chicago days before a scheduled visit by Kennedy. Vallee was discovered to have an M-1 rifle, a handgun, and three thousand rounds of ammunition. Days later, the Secret Service received another threat Kennedy would b... ...nd all of them were fired from Lee Harvey Oswald. The Commission stated that there was no conspiracy, domestic or international, and that there was no connection between Jack Ruby and Oswald. However, through the twenty six volumes and the just about thirteen thousand pages of testimonies and documentary exhibits traces of testimonies from Kennedy?s physicians, Dallas physicians, eyewitnesses, or civilian films cannot be found.Works CitedBelzar, Richard. UFO?s, JFK, and Elvis conspiracies you don?t have to be balmy to believe. New York The Ballantine Publishing Group, 1999. Galeano, Eduardo. Memory of Fir e III Century of the Wind. Part Three of a Trilogy, translated by Cedric Belfrage Pantheon Books, 1988.Gest, Ted, at al. JFK The Untold Story of the Warren Commission. U.S. tidings & World Report 17 August 1992 28-42.JFK. Dir. Oliver Stone. Warner Bros, 1991.Lifton, David S. Best Evidence. New York Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc, 1980.Peterson, Roger S. Declassified. American History July/ August 1996 22-26, 54-57.The Bay of Pigs Revisited. Ed. Michael D. Morrissey. May. 1993. 3 May. 2000.

The 13th of December, 1666

The events, which took place on the 13th of December 1666. Made a dramatic change in my life.First I will tell you a bit ab break myself. My name is Mark. I am sixteen forms old and I go to St Paul high school. I take a shit hotshot Br early(a) who is five years younger than me called Bill. I too birth a nagging step -mum who has looked after me since I was two. My real mum died in very strange circumstances but dad will non tell me the full story so I dont know much ab protrude it.At school I used to have two beaver friends. They were Sarah and Will. Will has blue eyes and a lovely personality. I had known Sarah ever since I was three. Sarahs mum and my step mum got on with each other really well. Will is one of my best friends hes the only person who can make me laugh on a bad day.I am no longer friend with them now, after that horrible day of 13th of December. It all started when I was invited to a Wills Halloween party, I loved parties especially the food and dancing. We were all having a great time dancing eating etcUntil after the party had ended when Will, Sarah and I played truth or dare it was all fine until it came to my turn. They dared me to go in the haunted house, which was located near by. I couldnt refuse otherwise I would have been called a chicken at school for the next year so I reluctantly agreed.Up in a dark hill where the moon shines through the bare branches which casts an eerie feel to the atmosphere and where umpteen crows are sitting on the branches looking, and waiting for the time to strike for in that respect next victim. Stands an old house, The House of Death its called by the villagers.A chill went reduce my spine as I was walking up the hill. Flashes of stories came rushing to my mind. I tried to convince my self that those stories were all a bunch of lies.As I got to the top of the hill I reached for the big wooden door, which was covered with graffiti. My friends stayed come forthside so I would go in alone. As I e ntered the house I put my torch on, as the light in the house was not so bright I then took a few small peeping step use up the long corridor the door slammed behind I suddenly jump and took a few deep breathing places and dont know what to expect to happen. As I was walking down the corridor the floorboards creaked which echoed down the corridor, water was dripping from the ceiling, there was many a(prenominal) cobwebs on the side and corners of the corridor. I wanted to turn approximately and just puff straight through that door which I entered. But I couldnt, I would then have been called a chicken. So I carried on walking down the corridor hoping for this day to end when suddenly I heard a machine being switched on at the bottom of the corridor.Who is it, ok jokes over come out now? I shoutedThere was no response and I really started to shit my self as there was total silence once more I tried to convince my self that it was Will and Sarah being immature but I was still un sure. The silence crated a really terrifying tone, which false this dare in to a nightmare came true. My head was rushing wild with stories, images and movies of when the main character dies in trying to impress someone. I kept on telling my self that it was all nonsense. When suddenly the light started flickering to my bad luck my torch also went out. I tried to hit it back on and it wouldnt come on. I started singing to my self to take my mind of the horrifying images, which were entering my mind when suddenly somebody or someone was whispering out my name, near the end of the dark corridor.Who is it, who are you, stop messing around now it isnt funny I shoutedThere was no response and my voiced echoed around the corridor. Frighteningly the lights went out, my heart was pumping faster and faster, my feet felt as if they were stuck to the ground I couldnt move it as I was so frighten I was unable to breath I was taking deep breaths.I shouted out on top of my voice Who are youTo my joy the lights came back and I was so projected until I looked on the floor, there was a note saying go to the style on your left. I didnt know what to expect from this note. I got really scared as to thinking that who was behind this insane prank. I didnt know what to expect so I gathered all my courage and decided to enter the room and see what is in store for me I turned to the left and entered the room and there stood in the middle of the room my deathly mother.I busted out in divide to see such a sight I was terrified and feeling a sick as she been cut open from many part of her body. I went over slowly to see my mother when suddenly I heard machines being switched on again and this time I also heard my name being called out by someone. I looked all around me to see if any one was there, I couldnt see any one but I was terrified so I ran back to the door which I came from and left. I came out with a white scared face and tears running down my cheeks. Sarah and Will looke d in shock when they saw me in the state that I was in.What happened in there are you ok, asked Will and SarahI told them that my dead mother was in there. Sarah was in total shock her face turned blue. But Will didnt believe me he said that my mum must have been buried as she has died. So he went to see for him self I was outside with Sarah telling her what happened, when Will came rushing out saying theres nothing there I said there is something there. We went in together and where my dead mother once laid was now missingthere was a silence in the room I said to my self who or what was it Im now writing this in my dying days, My story is the truth it is not some wild head game made up to scare people with. Mine really did happen. The story is personal to me and telling it to anyone makes me appear insane to the outside world. I guess it does wait unbelievable in retrospect. The images of that night of the 13th of December still haunt me to this day I am hoping that you will neve r feel the need to launch courage, as I did to my friends, because the results may not be what you expect That night I lost my friends and my sanity.

Letter to My Old School Friend Essay

It been has been a long cartridge holder since we last saw each other, so I took this time to write to you. Remember the time in elementary school when we had the field trip before summer vacation. It was a time when we visited the shopping plaza for the real first time in Manhattan. This was one of the memorable days of my life. It all started in science class when we decide to plan a nice affect for our teacher for her upcoming birthday, so our enthusiastic principle appeared and said good morning class, I have a great treat for you and nasha exclaimed with so a great deal curiosity were are o the we going and he said to the new shopping plaza so he gave out letter with a approve chassis attached with it, so after I went home and get ready for the trip tomorrow , when getting ready my consent form disappeared so I search saying in my mind I am not missing that so, I was so worried and called my friend nasha and she said dont worry this matter is imperceptible and replied to her in a melancholy voice why you saying that?If I dont have the form I cannot go on the trip, is there a next alternative she said yes so I said to her what she said have your parents to write a letter for me so I told her that is a good idea. So next day I pack my things kissed my mom and rushed on the school carriage ,when I got to my the classmate were all lined up to enter the bus. When we got on the bus I sit near the window. When we got there I saw the around building beautiful and creative place.

“Macbeth” by William Shakespeare Essay

The plays of William Shakespeare definitely sustain their ability of staying relevant in todays contemporary world. This tail be seen in the play Macbeth by Shakespeare and the modern version of the play, Macbeth Retold, directed by Mark Brozel. The main issues of the texts include the inversion of the gender roles and how power and rapacity can take its wretched toll on peoples lives. Women still carry the expectations of being reliant on their husbands and there are current power-hungry individuals that will do any(prenominal) it takes to reach the top of the leader board. These two texts contain various literary techniques such as imagery and sarcasm to set up the themes mentioned. Shakespeares play, Macbeth, has a considerably interesting viewpoint on the gender roles as the women behave more masculine whilst the men are embodied in an inferior humansner. The theme is represented by brothel keeper Macbeth who is quite a manipulative character. Lady Macbeth demonstrates the inversion of gender roles when she tells Macbeth to act more manly and asks the liquor to unsex her so she can be a man since she feels the need to compensate for Macbeths lack of masculinity.She is also seen to be quite a red-faced person with cruel intentions which is illustrated in the line, I have given suck and know how tender tis to love the babe that milks me- I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums and dashd the brains out had I sworn as you have gulle to this (Act 1, Scene 7, stemma 3). The literary technique used here is imagery as a full detailed idea is given of just how untold aggression Lady Macbeth possesses to the point where she would brutally murder an innocent baby. The gender roles are reversed once again in the film, Macbeth Retold, focusing particularly on Lady Macbeths modern version Ella Macbeth. This is relevant to our time because it is reflecting the authority that women now have. Interestingly though, th e play was written in the 17th century where women were expected to be dense and obedient to their husbands so maybe it could be considered that Shakespeare paved the way to the liberation of women.In the modern version Ella best demonstrates the theme when she pressures Joe Macbeth, modern version of Macbeth, into cleanup Duncan who takes the credit for Joes hard work as a chef in the restaurant. The evidence that this character illustrates this theme can be seen when she says He milks you for e reallything youve gotno numerate of money covers what you do for himYoure too full of the milk of humankindness Joe. Thank you, Duncan, for the slap on the back, Im so very, very gratefulIt is shaming to hear the truth Joe? What kind of man is it who doesnt feel humiliated in the position youre in. what kind of man is that? The technique that Ella uses is sarcasm, which is shown when she insults Joes manliness and she asks him rhetorical questions that she already knows the answer to so she is mocking his intelligence.The theme of the destructiveness of power and greed is ever-present throughout the play, Macbeth. The character Macbeth craves success so much that it gets to the point where he is lead into a paranoid madness. The prophecies made by the witches are what sparked his ambitions for power. Macbeth doesnt favour committing evil deeds as much as his wife Lady Macbeth but his burning desire for power and progression blinds his better judgement and he kills Duncan. After he has killed Duncan he displays imagery when describing his intentions, For exploit own good all causes shall give away, I am in blood steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go oer (Act 3, Scene 4, Line24). In this line Macbeth is making a comparison with his actions to that of wadding through a bloody river which also displays irony as his wicked action is murder which is associated with blood. He suggests that its impossible to stop once a man commits murder for their advantage.It is visible that Macbeth is becoming addicted to killing as it gives him a sort of boastful high but this is short lived as his guilt sends him distressed and inevitably gets him killed as well. The same happens to Joe Macbeth in Macbeth Retold. The theme of power and greed is expressed in Macbeth Retold which is the retelling of the original Shakespeare play, Macbeth, but it is still seen everywhere from the media to the school cause as everyone wants to be at the top of the food chain. This is still relevant in todays world through the businessmen and women who sabotage their ship canal towards a higher career position. The character that best demonstrates this theme is Joe Macbeth when he murders Duncan, and then Billy who he sees as a new threat, he does whatever it takes to reach his goal but ends up becoming engulfed in paranoia to the extent where he mistreats those who respected him.After a heated discussion Ella says to Joe Men dont run over by buses which he then replies with, No. In the movie the technique used is the silence as the camera pans crossways their faces. This shows the suspense and tension present in the scene as theydjust decided to go ahead with the plan to kill Duncan and get the restaurant. To conclude, William Shakespeares play Macbeth has endured the test of time and proven itself to still be relevant in our current day through the discussion of the themes of gender roles and power and greed. both(prenominal) of these themes appear in the original version of the play, Macbeth, and a modern version, Macbeth Retold. The themes were presented in many ways in the texts through the use of literary techniques. In the original play, imagery and irony were used and in the modern film, sarcasm and suspense were used.

Chris maccandless

Tramping is too easy with all in all this money. My days were more exciting when I was penniless and had to forage around for my next meal Ive decided that Im liberation to live this life for some(prenominal) time to come. The freedom and simple beauty of it is Just too good to pass up. -Christopher Mishandles Currency does corrupt, its like having power. Money is something which population can do crazy things. The desire of cash will certainly change race, or not having enough money will make some individuals be victim of crime.Its very difficult to know whether that person will handle the change in a positive manner. The greed and the ignorance can destruct the relationships from within even if its your parents or best friends in which the outcomes will be irreparable. Money is power, which people want for themselves. The desire for money is a never completion trip and most individuals will do anything for this control. When people come in to some money, they feel superior, more powerful and above the rest of the other people that have less . Hey start hanging in crowds with the same level of income, so they feel better. I had a friend who once talk all the time, play together and hangout. When she got older, her family came in to money big time. Now she doesnt talk to me, and never does anything with me. A ND I never get invited to her birthday parties only when the people who had a lot of money like her were invited. The society and currency is en thing that drew Chris and his father away from each there.Chris donated $25,000 to charity given over his car which was one of his possessions. Chris hated money when he brunt his cash, he was showing that he didnt conform to society and was saying that money was useless thing. Money gives you a false and temporary sense of power, but when its gone, we realize what they have lost. Plaza add I dont know what else to write. Then send it back to me and do u have parliaments email address?

Thorn Queen Chapter Thirteen

Ysabel couldnt be coaxed out of her room, no matter how hard I tried. I even sent Shaya to do it, hold poleing as she tended to be a bit more(prenominal) personable than I was. No luck. Ysabel remained firmly entrenched and would provided ramble over and over nigh how she was deprivation to assure her lord about me and escape this accursed place.Evening wore on, and I couldnt drag myself back to Tucson. My feelings were in turmoil. Id never expected to feel guilty about any topic pertaining to Ysabel, plainly there it was. And as more time passed, I didnt just feel disadvantageously about inadvertently suffocating her. As soon as Id agnise what I had d adept, I knew I had to cease practicing this kind of magic immediately. Storm King had used it to pop up his enemies in horrible ways. Kiyo had warned that delving further and further into my powers would gift me on a path I powerfulness non be able to turn out-of-door from.And yetthat was the problem. I knew I had to continue plainly I didnt want to.Sure, I didnt want to learn air magic to kill. notwithstanding after touching that powerI couldnt stop thinking about it. I frame my mind spinning, analyzing the air around me and how easy it would be to manipulate it. What had started as a testmingly olive-sized(a) lesson from Ysabel was quickly moving into big and larger implications as I grasped more of airs patterns and how it worked. It was passion I didnt even need a teacher. My accept nature and pull toward magic was running remote and creating its cause lessons.My conflicted ruminations were interrupted when a letter arrived via the Otherworlds equivalent of the Pony Express. It was from Leith. As Id suspected, hed devoured the engineering books. What I hadnt expected was that hed already developed a plan for how to follow out near of the irrigation systems and was going to accompany some workers out to Westoria in the morning to wash up started-unless I had any objections, of cou rse. If I didnt, then he would be honor if I would practice out to meet them.He also added in his letter that he had investigated the towns near the chicken River crossroads. None of them had any reports of missing girls. It figured, I thought. I either had sufficient bad luck to be the only monarch with runaway girls-or I possibly had an enemy specifically targeting me. Considering the number of aristocracy who resented my rule, the latter wouldnt have surprised me.Regardless, I decided I had to go out to see Leith tomorrow. Even if it was just an elaborate attempt to woo me, he was console going to an awful lot of trouble with this. Plus, I hoped that if I spent the night here, Ysabel might finally emerge.So, I stayed over, giving me the opportunity to muse with the land. While I noticed no ostensible difference in the morning, there was a strange, intangible feel to it. It seemed healthier. Like always, I couldnt exactly excogitate why. Perhaps most disturbing of all, I f ound that staying over wasnt quite the agonizing ordeal it used to be.I was preparing to head out to see Leith when a guard announced that a rider was approaching. I wondered if it was a messenger-or possibly Leith himself. Instead, it was someone quite unexpected.Dorian.The castle servants pilot all over themselves to welcome the oak King, and he swept inside as though perfectly entitled to it. Which, I guessed, he was. Nonetheless, I had no time for his antics to daylight and greeted him with snuff its on my hips.not today, Dorian. I have things to do.As do I, he state. He had that typically laconic tone to his voice, but there was an oddly heavy-and impatient-look in his eyes. It was not an expression Id seen very often. Ive come to see my subject. I knew you wouldnt welcome her with open arms, but honestly, my dear, your attempts at murder shock even me-no small feat.My jaw nearly dropped to the floor, both(prenominal) because of his assumption and the fact that shed someh ow gotten a message out to him. Wha-? Dorian, its not true It was an accident. I didnt realize what I was doing.May I see her? he asked, not acknowledging my plea.I could hardly deny him that, and he hurried off to her room without another word. She admitted him-no surprise there-and I found myself pacing the stainless time they were together. It had been bad enough that Ysabel had thought me capable of assault. But somehowthe idea of Dorian thinking badly of me? Well, it struck me harder. I shouldnt have cared what he thought-God knew I was mad at him more often than not. Yet, I realized that deep inside I wanted his good opinion. I felt disquieted to my stomach that I might have lost it.When he emerged, his looking at was still serious. I believe I have convinced her that your intentions werent murderous.I sagged in relief-more, I think, because he appeared to believe me. Thank you.The question now is do you want her to stay?Will she? I asked, startled.She obeys me, he said sim ply. Shell stay and gallop to teach if I tell her to.I dont want anyone here against their entrustIve assured her of her safety. She wont live in-much-fear of you. So, thats no longer the issue. The issue instead is if you want to continue with her teachings.I cant-not after I stopped, realizing I was unsure of the words leaving my lips. I didnt want to be like Storm King. I didnt want a natural affinity for learning ways to kill people. And yetI couldnt stop thinking about the way Id felt wielding that kind of power. Controlling pee had given me a rush air had doubled it.Dorians gold-green eyes were watching me very carefully. I see, he said. Then Ill tell her shell be staying a small-minded longer.I started to protest but couldnt. He returned to her, stayed a few more minutes, and then joined me in my parlor where I had resumed pacing.Well, then, he said briskly, that is that. The gloomy set to his face was gone, and I found myself grateful to see the return of his universa l mien. I noticed you were about to leave. reach to free valets from your subjects?Off to free my subjects from me.I explained my task, and his features lit up with interest. How convenient that Ill be traveling in the same direction. Unless youd like me to wait here until you return?No, the last thing I wanted was to encourage Dorian to make himself at home in my castle. So, I grudgingly conceded that he could go with me, partly because I still felt guilty and grateful over his intervention in the Ysabel incident. One b full side to him being with me was that Rurik decided I didnt need an entire cortege for the trip. He alone accompanied us, and I wondered idly how Dorian managed to go wherever he wanted without an entourage. I didnt like to think he was a more authoritative ruler than me.Dont give me a hard time about this air thing, I warned. I dont want any spiels about how Im embrace my heritage and approaching my destiny.Dorian smiled, eyes on the road ahead of us. I dont need to tell you things you already know.Of courseI suppose if I did get a better grip on my magic, I might be able to get rid of those fucking fire demons.You see? I told you I dont need to say anything. Youre finding ways to rationalize your use of magic all on your own.Hey, this is a serious threat. You cant tell me youd be all casual if you had demons running loose in your kingdom. I frowned. Or would you? I got the impression a lot of rulers dont bother themselves with that kind of thing.Dorians eyes to a faultk on that serious glint again, despite the small smile on his face. Aeson didnt bother. Dont generalize to all of us. You know better. If I had demons in my land, Id lead a group out myself to mist them.I wondered if Dorian could. My potential power might be greater than his, but at the min, his control and skill made him a more serious force than me. A ruler in the Otherworld had to be powerful, or else the land wouldnt accept them. It was a wonder Id been found worth y.Do you want me to help you? he asked when I remained silent. Ill go with you the next time you strike.What would that cost me? I asked with an eye roll.Why do you assume everything I do has an ulterior motive? Isnt it enough Id want to help you?I dont know, I said, not liking how his words made me feel bad. Was I attributing more insidious motives to him than he deserved? I dont trust anyone around here. Westoria was looming in the distance. I dont even trust Leiths engineering generosity. Hes not doing this for the sake of trade.Dorians eyes lifted to the approaching village. That, he said, we can both agree on. No matter how much you beat yourself up over those demons, you have more than enough strength to bind the land to you. I despised his uncanny ability to guess my thoughts. When Katrice dies, the rowan Land forget either pass in entirety to someone with the power to control it, or it will divide itself and be subsumed into other kingdoms.Shaya said the same thing-and th at Leith thinks being hooked up with me would help keep it in the family. I shake my head. One lands bad enough. I dont have the power to control two.Youd be surprised, he said ominously.Our arrival was greeted with the same wonder and awe Id had forward the demon incident. Apparently, yesterdays food shipments and Leiths figurehead today had reestablished my awesome reputation. Dorian seemed to have an effect as well. As we dismounted and walked finished the village, the residents eyes followed both of us, filled with admiration and wonder. Glancing at Dorian, I could derive their feelings. He strode through the dusty town just as he had my castle, confident and majestic, even after a hot and wearying ride. He looked like, well, a king, and even I couldnt help but admire his good looks. Beside him, I felt frumpy and insignificant.Then, I tried to pull back out of my false thoughts and imagine what we must look like to these people, both of us tall and red-haired. We looked goo d together, I knew. I was in jeans, but Id cleaned up this morning, and my hair was down. show up of the corner of my eye, I could see where the sun lit it up, giving the red a golden hue that complemented Dorians truer red. My tank top was blue, a good seeming for me, and I had on my usual gemstone jewelry. Perhaps most importantly, we carried our titles as king and queen, and to these people, I realized we were probably the equivalent of a Hollywood twain on the red carpet.Your majesty Im so glad you could- Leith had come running up to us and came to a total standstill when he saw Dorian. after(prenominal) a few stunned moments, he made a polite bow to the Oak King. Your majesty. Also a pleasure.I could tell Dorian was lucky to have ruined Leiths plans for a romantic interlude. Well, I hated to part from Eugenie this morning, so I thought Id come along and see whats new.I had to apprehend myself from elbowing him. His wording implied that wed woken up together. Our former r elationship was no secret, and Dorian had pitched his words loudly, so that some of the gathered villagers would hear. No enquiry this would be all over the Otherworld by tonight. Leith looked even more dismayed than onwards, and I tried to smooth things over.Why dont you show us the project? I asked him. I dont think I can thank you enough for what youve done.Leith brightened and eagerly led us forward. As we walked, Dorian murmured in my ear, Believe me, hes more than sure you could thank him enough.How come you can allegedly do things for me without ulterior motives but no one else can? I hissed back.Dorian only grinned as Leith headed toward the villages edge and showed us his handiwork. There was little to see of his irrigation system at this point. Mostly people were digging and laying out the foundation. Leith did his best to explain what it would develop into and even showed us blueprints-quaintly written on parchment. I followed them a little but could tell they were gibb erish to Dorian, despite his polite and confident smile.Zealous or not, a prince of the Rowan Land was not about to do manual labor, and once the tour was done, he sat down with Dorian and me at the mayors augury. Davros seemed only too joyous to keep offering his home as my hangout and eagerly served us wine before leaving his esteemed guests to discuss whatever it was royalty talked about.This is only the beginning of what we can do, Leith said, positioning himself so that Dorian wasnt in his line of sight. Id love to come visit and discuss more ways to work through this. Ive got some ideas on how to construct buildings that will reflect light better. Have you ever considered redesigning your castle?Yikes, I said. No. Thatd be a big feat.Not as big as you think. Not with the right help.I shook my head with a smile. Lets just focus on the people number one.Leith smiled back. Sure. But I will come by some day to show you some palace ideas-just in case you change your mind. Or, be tter yet, you should come visit us. receive would love to show you the hospitality of the Rowan Land.Or, better yet, you should throw the Thorn Queen a party, said Dorian, deadpan. Im sure she would love it.This time, I did elbow Dorian. Leith didnt notice. Dorian knew perfectly well I dreaded Otherworldly social events-particularly when the focus was on me.Really, I began. Thats not-Of course said Leith. We havent had a grand ball in quite a while. We could invite hundreds of people.I decided then that elbowing wasnt severe enough. It was with great restraint that I didnt actually kick Dorian. He placed his own elbow on the table, resting his chin in his hand, appearing quite entertained.Youd have to outdo Maiwenns party, to truly show Eugenie honor, said Dorian. Thats going to be hard to do. Of course, Maiwenn has an unfair advantage with her maternal glow, eh? Eugenie was just telling me on the way here how all this baby talk is kindling longings of her own.I choked on my wine. I love children too, Leith told me. I cant wait to have some-once I find the right woman.I was spared more of this when one of Leiths workers came in, anxious over some mishap. Leith looked devastated at the thought of abandoning me-and also embarrassed over me witnessing a flaw in his grand plans. Im sorry, he said. I hate to leave you. Im sure this will only take a moment.Actually, I said, rising. We should probably get going as well.Must you? he asked, face falling further.Im sure Ill see you soon.Yes, hold Dorian. You should get moving on that ball. Or maybe I should just throw one for her.Leith totally fell for the baiting. No, no. I would be more than honored to. He swept me a bow, and I let him kiss my hand. Ill have news for you soon, I promise.I smiled and expressed my thanks and allowed him to kiss my hand again when he insisted. As soon as he was gone, I turned on Dorian. Are you trying to push me into his arms or away?Ironically, doing one causes the other. He stretche d and stifled a yawn. Were you telling the truth? Are you ready to leave?Yeah, I think so-Your majesty?Davros stuck his head into the room, wearing his usual apologetic look. His eyes flicked nervously from Dorian to me. Im so sorry to bother youI know you must be busy andWhat is it?Shes been found, your majesty. The missing girl? Her parents track her down last night but were afraid to tell youshe seemed so distraught. I only just found out myself. I told them youd want to know-Of course, I do. I was already moving toward the door, Dorian fast on my heels. Where are they?Still bobbing his head in obeisance, Davros hastily led us to a small home on the opposite side from Leiths construction. He beat impatiently on the door. Open up The queen is here.Almost a minute passed before the door opened. The woman who had accosted me on my first visit peered out, eyes wide. Your majesty, she said humbly, inclining her head. She didnt seem to recognize Dorian. We-we didnt know you were here.I want to see her, I said impatiently. Let me talk to her.The woman hesitated, fearful of me but also fearful of something else, apparently. Davros was undeterred. This is the Thorn Queen Let her in.With a gulp, the woman stepped aside. I found myself in a small but clean cottage, dimly lit thanks to all the curtains being drawn, though all the windows were open to allow a breeze. The womans husband met us as we walked through the kitchen, his face pale and afraid.Your majestyforgive us. We were afraid to tell you. We were afraid shed run away again.Im not going to put up her. I just want to talk to her. It was a bit depressing, between Ysabel and this family, knowing everyone was terrified of me. Ironically, before Id known about my gentry heritage, Id been high-minded of the fear I inflicted on Otherworldly inhabitants. Please take me to her.I felt Dorians hand on my shoulder and his breath warm against my ear as he whispered, You do not need to say occupy.With a quick exchange of looks, the couple led us to the back of the cottage, into a tiny bedroom. It too was darkened, and I could make out a slim girl lying on a bed. There was a washcloth on her forehead that fell off when she sat upright at our approach. She cringed against the wall.Who is it? I told you I didnt want to see anyone.Its all right, Moria, said her mother. This is the queen. Shes come to talk to you. Shes not going to hurt you.The girl wilted even more, blond hair covering half of her face. No, noShes come with the others, come with her human blood to bind us and kill us and-Moria, I said gently, holding my hands out as one would under a white flag. Shes right. Im not going to hurt you. I just want to talk to you. It wont take long.They all say that, Moria said, eyes wide with tears. They all say they wont hurt youall the humansyoure no variantthey all say they arent. She lapsed into muttering too low for me to hear, her hands clinging to the covers.I think, Dorian murmured to me, that her experience has left herah, a little touched. I doubt youll get anything useful from her. Theres a healer at Maiwenns court whos particularly good with sickness of the mind. You should send for her.I had a feeling he was right but had to make one more attempt. I just want to know where youve been. Who took you. I want to make sure it doesnt happen again. Tell me who it is, and Ill stop them.No, she breathed. Youre the samethe same as himthe Red Snake Man.Red Snake I still had demons on the brain, and an image of their red and black mottled scratch came to mind. Were they glide-like? Moria, were you taken by demons? Or some kind of Hell, in the Otherworld, any monster you could imagine pretty much existed, as Smokey had shown us. um, snake monster?She shook her head frantically. Our own kind dont hurt us. Its only yoursyoure all the samethe human bloodall marked the same. Her eyes left my face and lowered. For a disorienting moment, I thought she was staring at my chest until I realized her gaze was on my arm. I absentmindedly touched the spot. It was where my snake tattoo coiled around my arm. Moria squeezed her eyes shut. All the sameI stiffened. Did heare you saying the person who took you had a tattoo like this on his arm?The Red Snake Man, she whispered, still refusing to open her eyes.Did he banish you? Did he force you to this world? Or did you come back on your own?Iron put right everywhereI stared off at nothing for several seconds. Im done, I said, turning to her parents. She can rest now.I left the house as swiftly as Id come in, Dorian matching my pace. Whats going on? That meant something to you.I nodded, heading toward where Rurik stood with our horses. I think I know who took her-and maybe the others. Not bandits or a monster. It was a human.How do you know that?Because of the tattoo. The Red Snake Man. Id seen a red snake tattoo just the other day-on Art. Hed had that on one arm and a raven on the other. Its another shaman, one who lives ve ry close to where the crossroads around here opens up in my world. He was also the shaman who had told me to my face he knew nothing about gentry girls. I came to a pick up by the horses and absentmindedly stroked the side of mine. She looked back and sniffed me. But why? Why would he take a gentry girl? Or more than one? His job is to get them out of our world. I could see him banishing them out of the human world.That might traumatize her, but that doesnt sound like what happened. She disappeared from this world. She made it sound like she didnt want to be in the human world.Dorian snorted. Eugenie, where in your jaded existence did you pick up this navete? If a human took one of our girls, itd be for the same reason wed take one of theirs. For the same reason any man would abduct a girl.I blanched at his implications. But more than one?He wouldnt be the first man to prefer-ah, how shall we say it? Variety.I couldnt see it of Art, not the Art who happily tended his garden and off ered us beer and pop. Hed known Roland for years. Theyd worked together. Was Art truly a kidnapper and rapist? Or was the girl just traumatized from being banished? It could be a pretty horrific experience.I grimaced, feeling a sharp twisting in my stomach. Id come too close to rape already in my life to treat even a hypothetical situation lightly. Was Moria a victim? Were there others like her out there? Maybe it wasnt truly Artand yet, her words had dark implications. The human blood. A mark like mine. The Red Snake Man. The crossroads to Yellow River. He had to be involved I just didnt know how.I gave the horse one last pat and then mounted. I have to get home, I said, turning back to Dorian and Rurik. There was some mistake here, some mix-up. Art wasnt involved in this. He couldnt be, at least not in the way Dorian had suggested. I have to talk to someone. Immediately.I waited for the requisite Dorian joke, but none came as he mounted his own horse. Then we go different ways. Be careful, Eugenie. For some reason, frankness and concern from Dorian was more disconcerting than his usual banter.If Im right about this, then its a human matter. Should be a cakewalk compared to what I deal with around here.Dorian shook his head. Id have to disagree. Give me demons and restless spirits any day over human deceit. But if you need help, Im here. Just ask.Again, there should have been a joke here. I glanced away, troubled by the way he looked at me. Thanks. Hopefully itll be a simple matter. How exactly? That I didnt know. I wasnt sure that roughing Art up would really accomplish anything-if he truly was at fault here. See you later, Dorian.He nodded by way of a farewell. Then And of course, my dear, you may kill as many humans as you like, but please try not to harm any more of my subjects. If you can help it. There it was, at last. The joke.Noted, I said. I attempted a glare, but there was a smile on my lips as I did.I set a hard pace back to my castle and the gatew ay that would bring me back to my own world. Crossing over at the Yellow River one would have been faster, but I needed to go to my home in Tucson and prepare myself before facing Art. Rurik matched my pace easily and mercifully stayed silent. Hed watched me and Dorian together the way a child watches his or her divorced parents, in the hopes that Mommy and Daddy might make amends someday.My whirling thoughts made the trip go fast-as did the lands quick route today-and we were greeted with a commotion when we reached the castles outer borders. A group of guards came tearing toward us, and my center field seized. What now? A siege? Demons? Kiyo? Yet as they got closer, I could see that the guards almost lookedenthusiastic.Your majesty My lord We found her.Rurik and I drew our horses to a halt and climbed down. I felt my legs scream and knew Id be sore later. I wasnt so practiced a rider that I could ride like that without consequences. I unheeded the pain and turned to the guards.W ho? I demanded.We have her. The girl. The runaway girl from Westoria, said the guard, clearly pleased at his success. Rurik and I exchanged puzzled glances.Thats impossible. We already saw her.The guard shrugged. We found her out near the steppes, by the Rowan Land border. She matches the description and was clearly afraid of us. She tried to run away.Take me to her, I said helplessly. Had my guards found another of these kidnapped girls? It would certainly provide more information.He led us inside toward one of the little-used rooms, explaining that they hadnt wanted to put her in the dungeon-although her fear and desire to escape had required a guard. His expression turned uncomfortable.We, um, also had to bind her in iron. She kept attempting magic. Theyre still not able to fully stop her.A guard like this could never handle iron shackles without causing himself intense pain. Sometimes, though, prisoners would be bound in bronze cuffs with a tiny bit of iron affixed to them. It r equired delicate handling by the captors but was usually enough to stunt the prisoners magic.We reached the room, and the men on duty stepped aside for us to enter. There, crossways the room, a slim young woman had her back to us. Long blond hair cascaded down her back, and I had a weird, disorienting sense for a moment as my brain grappled with the possibility that Moria had somehow made it here before us. Then, as the girl slowly turned around, the torchlight began bringing out glints of red in the golden hair that little Moria hadnt had. I realized what was happening even before I fully saw my prisoners face.You have got to be kidding me, I said.It was Jasmine.

Study of Theatre’s -isms

The yet form of theatre known before realism was romanticism so the world was very scared to accept the new, scary kind of plays. Especially considering that the new style was not always perfect and nice, but sometimes tragicomic and disappointing. Realism didnt really catch on so only 20 years later, naturalism was formed. Unfortunately, naturalism did not do so well either. In the 18805-1 9005, symbolism started to appear. This was a very significant step in the life of theatre and is still very often used today. The creators of homeboys believed that reality can only be expressed indirectly and through symbols.They used many medieval symbols and religious paintings in their plays as well as allegorical signs. Around the analogous time period is when impressionism made its short appearance. This movement was primarily seen in the set designs because it was believed that artist is affected internally through external reality. oftentimes in plays today, you will notice a certain painting or color in the background of the set that looks random but always has a deeper, much more interesting reasoning. This all started in the asses with symbolisms and impressionismIn the years 1916-1924 is when theatre started to become more Artsy. This is when dada and surrealism became genres. Both of these focused on what was unusual and different to the audience. Dada started as a reaction to the First World War. The word dada itself is a made up word that means nothing. It was want to outr advance the audience into action. Sets and costumes often looked blurred together like a big mess or they were just completely outrageous. Similarly, surrealism said that art must(prenominal) transcend reality by ding all arts into one single vision that suggests a harmony.Many times, there would be what seems like way in like manner much on stage or on a costume but in surrealism, somehow it always blends together peacefully. Surrealism seems to be, in many ways, the well-nigh pr eceding of the -isms because of how prominent it still is in theatre and film. Through all of my research, have learned that theatre today is nowhere close to what is was when first created. Am sure that in the next years, theatre will continue to change even more and I cannot wait to see where it ends up when my children are my age

Enterprise 2.0: Do Companies Need It to Survive?

Minor blade 2. 0/3. 0 & Knowledge Sharing Essay 2 endeavor 2. 0. Do companies use up it to survive? Z22-D Project Management Business English Smilena Spasova Lecturer M. Adams 09-03-2012 Surviving as a beau monde, no matter cosmos small, middle-sized or large, in todays unstable miserliness beset by a severe recession, instability and uncertainty resembles fighting for your life in a battle field. Only those who are more prepared, move faster and more efficient and have strategic advantage over their enemies are the ones who suck to keep their bears. Enterprise 2. is what is wished for companies to gain and master those skills. It helps them structure and preserve corporate surviveledge, cut costs, increase efficiency, enlarge employees and customers satisfaction and tap into newborn sources of initiation and expertise. Combined together, hence the benefits of using Enterprise 2. 0 are exactly what companies need not only to survive, but also to have a dogged advantage over their competitors. Enterprise 2. 0 is a term that was first defined by Andrew McAfee 1 in 2006 as a description of how companies riding habit the existing Web 2. technologies within their internal and external set of techniques to conduct their business. In other words, it is a combination between the integration of Web 2. 0 tools and architecture within green lights structures and processes with a careful consideration of the merciful element the culture. Examples for such tools are Blogs, Wikis, Intranet, Discussion Boards, Social Media Platforms, RSS feeds and many more which main finishing is to provide users with open space for communication, collaboration, asset sharing, personalization and aggregation. One of the main advantages that Enterprise 2. gives to companies is in relation to Knowledge Management. In 1991 Ikujiro Nonaka 2 said In an economy where the only certainty is uncertainty, the only sure source of lasting competitive advantage is knowledge. Companies acknowledge that statement today better than they have ever make before. Unfortunately in a lot of cases efforts, money and resources are wasted in the wrong direction when enterprises try to find the right way to capture, leverage and store collective knowledge. One of the reasons for that is that they dont use the proper tools to achieve that goal.Enterprise 2. 0 however proposes the solution. For example, by simply incorporating Wikis into the companys quotidian workflow, all of a sudden employees will have the chance to take part in building a collective memory by expressing and impart with their tacit knowledge. The difference compared to the old-school Knowledge Management techniques is that by using the new Enterprise 2. 0s way knowledge can be stored, redact and corrected but it cant be lost because it has already been made explicit by sharing on the Wiki.So, even if an employee retires or decides to leave office the company, information doesnt go with him by having ex isted only in his head. Another benefit of using Enterprise 2. 0 is that it cuts costs drastically. Whereas In the era of Web 1. 0 Marketing efforts required an enormous amount of money, today most of the Web 2. 0 applications are free and reside in the cloud. Consequently, all the resources should be spent in time and effort to invent the right strategy, rather than to negotiate prices with traditional media representatives.What is more, the emerge of Social Media and computer programmes like Get Satisfaction3 gives a totally new perspective on the Customer go practices within companies and the included expenses. Due to Enterprise 2. 0 employees can now have a live chat with customers rather than using the old methods like traditional telephone or e-mail. Bringing faster solution and demonstrating personal attitude and attention is therefore increasing consumer satisfaction and this way contributing to the companys autocratic image. Enterprise 2. also helps companies work more efficient. If for example, employees are enabled to use the RSS feeds feature they need to spend only 10 minutes per day for staying up-to-date with all the new and relative topics, instead of receiving 100 distracting emails or having to browse randomly by dint of the intranet News section which demands way too much time. The RSS feeds also enable structured and relevant information which can be customized and corrected on a daily basis. What is more, increased 1 2 3 http//nonwork. andrewmcafee. rg/ http//www. economist. com/node/13517582 http//getsatisfaction. com/explore/customer-support efficiency can be observed when due to easy collaboration, sharing and selective information transferring by means of a Web 2. 0 platform employees tend to deliver their projects faster. As a result, because of the psychological aspect of Enterprise 2. 0, a. k. a the human element, employees satisfaction level can significantly increase. Working more efficiently makes people feel that they are c ontributing to the company in a positive way.Taking part in a platform where employees can add, edit and discuss content will make them feel significant and belonging to a confederation that shares a common goal. A virtual reality where it doesnt matter what position within the company the user possesses in order to express an assessment or share an idea, can make pass to lower Power Distance Authority4. Small steps incorporated via Enterprise 2. 0 strategy can lead to great transformations in employees attitude towards their employers.And a company with a high dissatisfaction level of its staff can never survive in the course of time. conclusion but not least Enterprise 2. 0 is the best solution for discovering and implementing new ways of innovation and expertise. A difficult economic environment argues for the need to innovate more, not to pull back. says Ken Chenault, CEO of American Express. Having carefully chosen combination of all the right Web 2. 0 tools to suit the c ompanys needs is however an innovation itself. Enterprise 2. is a way to transform closed, authority drive working atmospheres into a collaborative environment driven by employees intrinsic motivation, needs for belonging and self-actualization. A company that can be characterized by those terms therefore has already established the basic platform for open innovation. For example, a simple, random and not so clear idea shared by an employee on the Internal Social Media platform, can very quickly, good and naturally transform into a feasible and actually very smart and realistic one.This idea though wouldnt have come to live if the person didnt have the motivation or the possibility to share it. That is why companies need to consider Enterprise 2. 0 in their workflows enabling space for new topics, discussion and collaboration to emerge. Without innovating both internally and externally and upgrading expertise in such a transitional and constantly developing environment, businesse s are just curst to go down. In conclusion, Enterprise 2. 0 is no longer just an advantage for companies who implement it into their activities, on the contrary its a necessity for survival.Only the businesses who know how to correctly manage their collective knowledge and preserve it, conduct their processes with greatest efficiency and lowest cost possible, keep their employees satisfied and spend their resources for constant victimization in their daily workflow as well as products will keep on existing. And in order to achieve those results and therefore survive, companies need to integrate Enterprise 2. 0 into their management and communication techniques both internally with their employees and externally with their customers and business partners. 4 ttp//www. investopedia. com/terms/p/power-distance-index-pdi. aspaxzz1oXVBCP5S Number of words 1156 References Wiki Service (Spring 2006). Enterprise 2. 0 The Dawn of Emergent Collaboration. Referenced on 8 March 2012, at h ttp//www. wikiservice. at/upload/ChristopheDucamp/McAfeeEntrepriseDeux. pdf Slide Share (12 March 2010). Enterprise 2. 0 Knowledge Management People at the Center. Referenced on 8 March 2012, at http//www. slideshare. net/TSystemsMMS/enterprise-20-knowledgemanagement-people-at-the-center Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (13 June 2011).Video enterprise 2. 0 where does the value lie? Referenced on 8 March 2012, at http//www. cimaglobal. com/Events-and-cpdcourses/Events/Enterprise-Web-20-event/Videos-1/ Spigit (unknown). Maslows Hierarchy of Enterprise 2. 0 ROI. Referenced at 8 March 2012, at http//www. spigit. com/spigit-blog/maslow%E2%80%99s-hierarchy-of-enterprise-2-0-roi Investopedia (unknown). Power-Distance Index PDI. Referenced on 8 March 2012, at http//www. investopedia. com/terms/p/power-distance-index-pdi. aspaxzz1oXVBCP5

Organizational Culture and Performance Essay

The concept of organizational enculturation has drawn circumspection to the long-neglected, subjective or soft side of organizational life. However, numerous sayings of organizational civilization relieve oneself non received much(prenominal) attention. Instead, dialect has been placed primarily on the cultural and symbolic aspects that ar relevant in an implemental/pragmatic context. The technological cognitive interest prevails. Culture then is treated as an object of charge action. In this regard, Ouchi and Wilkins (1985 462) none that the contemporary student of organizational socialization ofttimes takes the organization not as a natural solution to deep and universal forces provided rather as a intellectual instrument foundinged by top watchfulness to shape the behavior of the employees in purposive ways. Accordingly, much research on corporate finis and organizational symbolism is dominated by a preoccupation with a check set of meanings, symbols, value, and ideas presumed to be manageable and directly related to effectiveness and performance.This is in m some(prenominal) ways understandable, that t here atomic number 18 two major problems following from this emphasis. One is that galore(postnominal) aspects of organizational tillage ar simply disregarded. It seems strange that the (major part of the) literature should generally disregard such(prenominal) values as bureaucratic-meritocratic hierarchy, unequal distrisolelyion of privileges and rewards, a mixture of individualism and conformity, male domination, emphasis on m iodiney, economic growth, consumerism, advanced technology, exploitation of nature, and the equation of economic criteria with rationality. Instrumental reason dominates quantifiable values and the optimization of means for the attainment of pre-given ends define rationality (Horkheimer and Adorno, 1947 Marcuse, 1964). Mainstream organizational nuance opinion in organizations but also in academia tend t o take this for granted.The values and ideas to which organizational glossiness research pays attention are primarily machine-accessible with the means and operations employed to achieve pre-defined and unquesti aced coatings. A blink of an eye problem is that subordinating organizational finale intellection to narrowly defined instrumental concerns also reduces the effectiveness of culture to aid managerial action. organizational culture calls for considerations that break with some of the assumptions characterizing technical thinking, i.e. the idea that a particular in gear up leads to a predictable effect. This chapter frankincense shows some problems associated with the use of the circumstance culture that does not take the idea of culture seriously enough and presses the concept into a limited version of the technical cognitive interest. It argues for a softer version of this interest as well as for thinking following the otherwise two cognitive interests (as sk etc .ed in Chapter 1).A basic problem in much circumspection thinking and writing is an impatience in showing the great potential of organizational culture. Associated with this is a bias for a premature distinction between the slap-up and the bad values and ideas, trivialization of culture, everyplacestressing the role of management and the employment of causative thinking. Premature normativity the idea of trusty culture Associated with the technical interest of optimizing means for accomplishment of goals is an underdeveloped competency to reflect upon normative matters. Viewing cultures as means leads to paygrades of them as more or little good, i.e. as useful, without consideration whether this goodness is the same as usefulness or if usefulness may be accreditedly multidimensional.The more popular literature argues that good or valuable cultures often equated with inexpugnable cultures are characterized by norms beneficial to the high society, to customers, and to m an gracious and by good performance in general Good cultures are characterized by norms and values supportive of excellence, teamwork, profit great power, honesty, a customer service orientation, pride in ones work, and commitment to the organization. Most of all, they are supportive of adaptability the capacity to thrive over the long run contempt new competition, new regulations, new technological developments, and the strains of growth. (Baker, 1980 10)Good cultures are, harmonize to this author, cultures that incorporate all good things in peaceful co-existence. Also many other authors eager to appeal to practitioners focus on highly positive-sounding virtues, attitudes, and conduct claimed to be useful to the achievement of corporate goals as defined by management (e.g. Deal and Kennedy, 1982 photoflash and Beyer, 1985). They are largely instrumental in character, without considering any ambiguity of the virtue of culture or what it purportedly accomplished in terms of goal realization. The assumption that culture domiciliate be simply evaluated in terms of right and prostitute come through in embarrassing statements such as that the wrong values make the culture a major liability (Wiener, 1988 536) has already been mentioned. Similarly, Kilmann et al. (1985 4) argue that a culture has a positive impact on an organization when it points behavior in the right direction.Alternatively, a culture has negative impact when it points behavior in the wrong direction. According to Wilkins and Patterson (1985 272) The ideal culture is characterized by a clear assumption of equity a clear sense of collective competency and an ability to continually apply the collective competence to new situations as well as to falsify it when necessary. Kanter (1983) talks about cultures of pride, which are good, and cultures of inferiority, which any sane person entrust avoid. This persona of functionalist, normative, and instrumentally biased thinking is also found in Scheins (1985) book, in which culture is seen as a pattern of basic assumptions that has proved to be valid for a group coping with problems of external fitting and internal integration. Basically, culture in this literature is instrumental in relation to the formal goals of an organization and to the management objectives or tasks associated with these goals (i.e. external and internal effectiveness). It is assumed to exist because it works or at least apply to work. Of course, alternated circumstances can make a culture dysfunctional calling for planned, intentional change but the approach assumes that culture is or can be good for some worthwhile purpose.As will be sh ingest later good and bad are not, however, self-evident, especially when it comes to complex phenomena such as culture. A bias towards the positive functions of culture and its close relation to issues such as harmony, consensus, clarity, and meaningfulness is also implicit in many of these studies (see Mart in and Meyerson, 1988). Symbols and cultural aspects are often seen as functional (or dysfunctional) for the organization in terms of goal attainment, meeting the emotional-expressive needs of members, reducing tension in communication, and so on. Instrumental/functional dimensions are often emphasized, for instance, in studies of rites and ceremonies (e.g. Dandridge, 1986 Trice and Beyer, 1984). The typical research focus is on social integration (Alvesson, 1987). Culture is mum as (usually or potentially) useful and those aspects of culture that are not comfortably or directly seen as useful remain out of sight, e.g. on gender and ethics.The most common ideas guiding organizational analytic thinking draw upon such metaphors for culture as tool, social glue, need satisfier, or regulator of social relations. Problems hold the premature use of deterrent example judgement, in a way hidden behind technical sense in which culture is viewed as a tool and presumably as easy to eval uate in terms of its goodness as a hammer. But few issues are simply good or bad, functional or dysfunctional. Some things that may be seen as good may be less positive from another angle. A clear sense of collective competence to connect to the citation preceding(prenominal) does in itself sound positive and is good for self-esteem and commitment, but a high level of boldness may be a mixed blessing as it easily forms a part of, or leads to, fantasies of omnipotence, and may obstruct openness, disapproval, willingness to listen to critique and take new external ideas seriously (Brown and Starkey, 2000).Cultural themes thus call for careful consideration, where normative judgement should be applied with great caution. Normative talk easily pr compensatets more nuanced interpretation. Trivialization of culture As argued above, the consequence of the functionalist/pragmatic approach is that culture tends to be reduced to those limited aspects of this complex phenomenon that are p erceived to be directly related to organizational efficiency and agonistic reinforcement (see, e.g. Barney, 1986 Kilmann et al., 1985). This means a rather selected interest in organizational culture. But much worse is a tendency to emphasize mainly the superficial aspects of these selected parts of organizational culture. These superficial aspects have the advantage that they are compatible with technical thinking, presumably accessible to managerial interventions.Culture may even be equated with authorized behavioral norms viewed as an excellent vehicle for helping people understand and manage the cultural aspects of organizational life (Allen, 1985 334). In marketing, market-oriented culture is frequently defined as the key to strong performances (Harris and Ogbonna, 1999), culture here implying certain behaviours. The problem, of course, is that norms are not the best vehicle for understanding culture. Whereas norms tell people how to behave, culture has a much broader and m ore complex influence on thinking, feeling, and sense-making (Schneider, 1976). Again, Barney (1986), Pfeffer (1994) and others argue that to serve as a commencement of sustained competitive advantage culture must be valuable, rare, and imperfectly imitable. If this statement is to make any sense at all, culture must be interpreted as highly normative, accessible to evaluation in terms of frequency (i.e. quantifiable), and capable of being copied at will.This conception deprives culture of the richness that is comm wholly seen as its specialness. At the same time, any culture may be seen as vital for competitive advantage (or as disadvantage), as it is arguably, highly significant and not easy to imitate. As Pfeffer (1994), among others, notes, many of the earlier identified sources of competitive advantage, such as economies of scale, harvest-times or process technology, access to financial resources and protected or regulated markets, move of diminishing significance as a con sequence of more fragmented markets with an increase need for flexibility in production, shorter product life cycle, internationalizations and de-regulations. A companys competence and ability to manage people to a considerable degree overlapping organizational culture are not easy to imitate.Even to describe and analyse culture is difficult, as indicated by all the management texts providing only superficial and trivial descriptions of culture, such as norms about market-oriented behaviour. The trivialization of organizational culture is not, however, solely restricted to literary works vivid the quick fix. Despite an effort to define organizational culture on a deeper level, accenting basic assumptions, Schein (1985) in most of his empirical examples tends to address the more superficial aspects. One example concerns the scholarship of a franchised business The insufficiency of understanding of the cultural risks of buying a franchised business was brought out even more clea rly in another case, where a very stuffy, traditional, moralistic company whose management prided itself on its high ethical standards bought a chain of fast-food restaurants that were locally franchised around the country.The companys managers discovered, much to their chagrin, that one of the biggest of these restaurants in a nearby state had become the local brothel. The activities of the town were so well corporate around this restaurant that the alternative of closing it down posed the risk of drawing precisely the kind of attention this company wanted at all costs to avoid. The managers asked themselves, after the fact, Should we have known what our acquirement involved on this more subtle level? Should we have understood our own value administration better, to ensure compatibility? (Schein, 1985 345)Here the problem seems to be lack of knowledge on a very specific point what the company was buying rather than lack of understanding of the companys own value system. Most o rdinary, respectable corporations, whatever their organizational culture, would probably wish to avoid becoming owners of brothels. harlotry is broadly seen as illegitimate, not only by those who Schein views as very stuffy, traditional, moralistic people. Apart from the moral issue, there is of course the risk that bad publicity would follow and harm the company. Managerialization of culture Another aspect of adapting culture to technical concerns, and the reduction of complexity and depth contingent upon such concerns, is the confusion of organizational culture with the firms management political theory. Frequently what is referred to as organizational or corporate culture really stands for the ideals and visions prescribed by top management (Alvesson, 1987 Westley and Jaeger, 1985).It is sometimes held that the best way to investigate corporate culture is through interviews with top managers, but the outcome of this approach tends to be a description of the espoused political orientation of those managers that only skim the culture that surrounds the top executives (Czarniawska-Joerges, 1992 174). Denison (1984) in a survey claiming to study corporate culture, for example asked one manager per company in a large number of companies to fill in a questionnaire. Organizational culture and managerial ideology are in most cases not the same, partly due to the lack of depth of ideology compared to culture, partly due to variation within organizations and discrepancies between top management and other groups. To incompatibleiate between corporate culture as prescribed and manager-led and organizational culture as real culture and more or less emergent from below is one possibility (Anthony, 1994).However, management ideology is not necessarily very different from organizational culture there are cases where management ideology powerfully impregnates cultural patterns (Alvesson, 1995 Kunda, 1992). But this needs to be empirically investigated and shown, and ca nnot be assumed. Management ideology is but one of several expressions of organizational culture. In most discussions of the relationship between culture and performance, authors focus on values espoused by senior managers, to a higher or lower degree shared by larger groups, while the complexity and variety of culture is neglected.1 From a management point of view, the managerialization of organizational culture immediately appears appealing but arguably deeper, less conscious aspects of cultural patterns than those managers are already certain of and promote are more valuable, at least in the long run, to focus on.Rather than smoothing over differences and variations in meanings, ideas and values within organizations, highlighting the latter is significant as a basis of informed management thinking and action. Loosening the grip of premature workingity The three weaknesses of much organizational culture thinking reviewed above are related to the wish to make culture appear as o f immediate interest to practitioners, and to fit into a predominantly technical cognitive interest in which culture is reduced to a tool. Cultural studies should be permitted to develop unrestricted by, or at least more loosely connected to, concerns for practicality. It is important here is to recognize the contradiction between sophisticated thinking and easily applicable practical concernsThe more rigorously (anthropologically) the term (culture) is applied, the more the concept of organizational culture gains in theoretical interpretive power and the more it loses in practicality. In the effort to overcome this contradiction the danger is that theoretical clumsiness will be lost in the interest of practicality. (Westley and Jaeger, 1985 15)Even if one wants to contribute to practicality, rather than to anthropology, this nonetheless calls for another kind of intellectual approach than most of the authors cited above exemplify. Oversimplification and promises of quick fixes do not necessarily serve narrow pragmatic interests, neither those of managers nor of others. Making things look clear-cut and simple may mislead. Practitioners might benefit much more from the pro-managerial and pragmatic organizational culture literature if it stopped promising recipes for how to manage and control culture and instead discussed other phenomena which managers might, with luck and skill, be able to influence for example, specific cultural manifestations, workplace spirit and behavioural norms. Learning to think culturally about organizational cosmos might inspire enlightened managerial everyday action rather than unrealistic programmes for culture change or bending patterns of meaning, ideas and values to managerial will.Before assuming that culture is functional or good for organizational or managerial purposes, it makes sense to distinguish among possible consequences and to recognize that they may conflict. Critical reflection and learning may be a good thing, co nsensus facilitating control and coordinated action another, and reduction of trouble a third but not all these good things may be attainable at the same time and they may contradict each other. Perhaps more important, contradictory interests those of professions, divisions, classes, consumers, environmentalists, the state, owners, top management, etc. may produce different views on what is good, important, and appropriate. Also within complex organizations, corporate goal-attainment may presume considerable variation in cultural orientations. Most aspects of culture are difficult to designate as clearly good or bad. To simplify these relationships runs the risk of producing misleading pictures of cultural manifestations.Instead, the focus must become the tensions between the creative and destructive possibilities of culture formation (Jeffcutt, 1993). Approaches to the cultureperformance relationship in that respect are different ideas regarding to what extent organizational c ulture can be used as a managerial tool. I will point at and discuss three versions of how managers can work with culture. These represent the sexual intercourse significance of management versus culture can management control culture or must management adapt to culture? Cultural engineering corporate culture as managerial design In the most instrumentally oriented of these formulations, culture is conceived as a building block in organizational design a subsystem, well-demarcated from other parts of the organization, which includes norms, values, beliefs, and behavioural styles of employees.Even though it may be difficult to master, it is in principle no different from other parts of the organization in terms of management and control. The term cultural engineering captures the spirit of this position, which is sometimes called the corporate-culture school (Alvesson and Berg, 1992). Kilmann (1985 354) recognizes that there is considerable disagreement about what culture is but co ncludes that it is still important to consider what makes a culture good or bad, adaptive or dysfunctional. He describes culture almost as a physical force Culture provides meaning, direction, and mobilization it is the social energy that moves the corporation into allocation the energy that flows from shared commitments among group members (p. 352) and the force controlling behaviour at every level in the organization (p. 358). He believes that every firm has a characteristic culture that can develop and change quickly and must be managed and controlled If left alone, a culture eventually becomes dysfunctional (p. 354). The underlying metaphor then clearly comes from technical science.The crucial dimension of culture, according to Kilmann, is norms it is here that culture is most easily controlled. More precisely, it is the norms that guide the behaviour and attitudes of the people in the company that are of greatest interest and significance, because they have a powerful effec t on the requirements for its success quality, efficiency, product reliability, customer service, innovation, hard work, loyalty, etc. This is the core of most (American) texts on corporate culture (e.g. Deal and Kennedy, 1982 Peters and Waterman, 1982 Sathe, 1985 Wiener, 1988). There are many difficulties with this model. Norms refer to a too superficial and behaviour-near aspect to really capture culture, at least as defined in this book. Norms and behaviours are affected by many dimensions other than culture. in spite of appearance a culture there are a number of norms related to the enormous variety of different behaviours. The point with culture is that it indicates the meaning dimension, i.e. what is behind and informs norms. A related problem with this behaviour-near view on culture is the tendency to see culture as more or less forcefully affecting behaviour. For example, Sathe (1985 236) argues that the strength of a culture influences the intensity of behavior, and the st rength of a culture is determined by how many important shared assumptions there are, how widely they are shared, and how clearly they are ranked. A strong culture is thus characterized by homogeneity, simplicity, and clearly ordered assumptions.In a complex culture by definition any culture assumptions will probably be very difficult to identify and rank, and it can even be argued that such a measurement approach distorts the phenomena it is supposed to study. As Fitzgerald (1988 910) has put it Values do not exist as isolated, independent, or incremental entities. Beliefs and assumptions, tastes and inclinations, hopes and purposes, values and principles are not modular packages stored on warehouse shelves, waiting for inventory. They have no separate existence, as do coruscation plugs in an engine they cannot be examined one at a time and replaced when burned out. They have their own inner dynamic nationalism, dignity, order, progress, equality, security each implies other v alues, as well as their opposites. Patriotism implies homeland, duty, and honor, but also takes its strength from its contrast to disloyalty dignity requires the possibility of humiliation and shame.

Trends in Cad Industry

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE INDUSTRY frank SOFTWARE HISTORY weenie software, also referred to as Computer Aided instauration software and in the past as ready reckoner aided drafting software, refers to software programs that assist engineers and fancyers in a wide variety of industries to design and render physical products ranging from buildings, bridges, roads, aircraft and automobiles, large aerospace and automotive companies, ships and cars to digital frump CAM software (CAM is the acronym for Computer Aided Machining). Sketchpad was the worlds first wienerwurst software but the first commercial CAM software system, a Dr.Patrick J. Hanratty. For that reason it is Dr. Hanratty who is most often referred to as the father First-generation hound dog software systems were typically 2D drafting applications developed by a manufacturers inner(a) IT group (often collaborating with university researchers) and prim arily intended to automate repetitive drafting chores. The first wee nie/CAM software tools emerged in the late 1950s and early 60s for use by automobile and airplane manufacturers with highly detailed McDonnell-Douglas (CADD released in 1966), Ford (PDGS released in 1967), Lockheed (CADAM AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CAD SOFTWARE INDUSTRYCAD software, or computer-aided design software, is utilise to expedite the service of 2-D and 3-D design and drafting. CAD software can be used on projects as small as a single room in a house, such as a kitchen or bathroom, or as large as a municipal master plan. CAD software also lets engineers and manufacturers design components such as car parts or circuit boards this process is referred to as CAM, or computer-aided manufacturing. Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer technology for the design of objects, real or virtual.CAD often involves more than just shapes. As in the manual drafting of skillful and engineering drawings, the create of CAD often must convey also symbolic information such as materi als, processes, dimensions, and tolerances, harmonise to application-specific conventions. and technical manuals. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are intentional use techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s.Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving powerfulness for research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential CAD enables designers to deposit out and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future modeling, in which show window it may be marketed as CADD computer-aided design and drafting Current Computer-Aided Design software packages range from 2D vector-based drafting systems to The CAD software industry can be used solely for creating 2-D and 3-D designs, separate products can be linked to construction cost databases, thus giving users the option to click on a window and see data such as a mod el number and its cost.Finally, todays CAD systems also provide functionality for Web-based collaboration, for turning 3-D models into animations or videos for prospective clients, and for publishing designs onto surveying applications such as Google Earth. Computer-Aided Design is one part of the whole Digital reaping Development (DPD) activity within the result Lifecycle Management (PLM) process, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis (FEA) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to Computer quantitative Control (CNC) machines Photo realistic rendering Document management and revision control using Product Data Management (PDM). CAD standards analogy of CAD editors for AEC (architecture, engineering and construction) Comparison of CAD editors for CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) Comparison of CAD editors for CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) Comparison of Free EDA software (Electronic Design Automation) 3D computer graphics software Comparison of 3D computer graphics software Digital architecture Electronic design automation ISO 128 make of CAD companies Molecular design software INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY EGS Computers India Private Limited, since inception in 1993, has been providing solutions in the areas of product design, Validation and Engineering Simulation for customers in India. EGS India is an authorized reseller of SolidWorks CAD/CAE/PDM Software Since 1999.EGS is a World-Wide consulting company in Product Design, Finite Element Analysis, Simulation and Development for Machinery, Automobile OEMs and their suppliers, Agriculture, Automotive, Process, Machine Tool, real Handling Applications and Special Purpose Machines (SPM) SolidWorks Technical support team at EGS India has been delivering Engineering Design Solutions to demanding customers requirements in applications ranging from au tomotive, material handling, machinery development to power, process and allied industries world-wide for Services, Software and Training Requirements. EGS India has invested in latest engineering tools in the areas of CAD and FEA to augment the Design Capabilities and Complement Engineering Experience built over years of delivering successful customer-driven solutions. Activities at EGS IndiaArray of Product Design activities ranging from concept design to engineering drawing release term focussing on Fit, Form and Function using SolidWorks for Customers in Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Pune, Mumbai and Rest of India Simulation and Validation using Finite Element Analysis techniques from Linear to Highly Non-Linear Domains Reseller SolidWorks CAD, SolidWorks Simulation ( Cosmos FEA ), PDMWorks Software Solutions, Chennai, Coimbatore, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India in the areas of Computer Aided Engineering Customization using SolidWorks for Automation of Design functions including M odelling, Drawing Generation and Knowledge found Engineering Functions ACADEMIX Training on Advanced Engineering functions to augment Design expertise and refine design procedures for accelerated product development using SolidWorks, Cosmos FEA, Nastran, Patran, LMS, Abaqus software.GD & T Training is conducted by EGS India for customers in Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Pune, Mumbai, New Delhi and other parts of India to help Indian Manufacturers deliver on High Quality Products ACADEMIX, technical training Division of EGS India has contributed to devolution of knowledge in the areas of Design, Validation, Drawing Development using GD&T concepts for numerous companies in India. Software Sales and Support EGS India has been associated with SolidWorks Corporation USA, as a Value Added Reseller since 1999, delivering Design Solutions to customers in India. Commitment and Passion to help customers in their Design Functions has helped EGS India earn the trust of Companies, Large and Small, India-wide.