Agents that Inhibit Stem Cell-resistant Chemotherapy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 520 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Stem Cell Essay Did you like this example? As cancers are heterogeneous, drug discovery efforts are aiming to increase patient survival and will surely need to consider the plasticity of cancer cells (Singh and Settleman, 2010). Cancer stem cells have a higher intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy than do normal cancer cells, and may be the source of post-therapy relapse (Thomas; et al, 2014). New agents were discovered as anticancer drugs to destroy cancer stem cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. This review paper will focus on some important agents, and these are: Resveratrol, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Disulfiram and metformin. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Agents that Inhibit Stem Cell-resistant Chemotherapy" essay for you Create order The first agent is Resveratrol. â€Å"Resveratrol is a polyphenol non-flavonoid compound present in strongly pigmented vegetables and fruits† (Pintea and Rugin?, 2014). This compound has antitumor effect. It works by inhibiting tissue necrosis factor beta (TNF- ?) pathway that activates tumor growth. It also suppresses the formation of cancer stem cells of colorectal cancer. The unique feature about this agent is that it sensitizes cancer stem cells to 5-FU. (Buhrmann et al., 2018). Secondly, mentioning Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors. This class of agents has a significant role in suppressing cancer stem cells of different cancer types by various mechanisms, but not all of them are fully explained. One of these mechanisms is reprogramming gene expression in cancer cells, thus leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. Another mechanism is suppressing self-renewal capability and activating the differentiation of cancer stem cells, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy. There is evidence that these agents can aid the deacetylation of non-histone targets related to cancer stem cells homeostasis; making it target-specific (Lin et al., 2018). Thirdly, the anti-alcoholism drug Disulfiram was approved for targeting resistant cancer stem cells in both in vivo and in vitro. Disulfiram is aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor. It inhibits both ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 isoforms and has shown anti-CSC effects in breast cancer. In addition to ALDH inhibition, it inhibits proteasome and E3 ligases, and considered as DNA-demethylating agent. â€Å"This drug has reached phase II clinical trials in the treatment of BGM† (Liu et al., 2013). Finally, the unexpected agent in inhibiting resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) is metformin. This agent has shown anticancer effect especially against CSC in addition to its antidiabetic effect. Metformin selectively inhibits CSCs via targeting of the AMPK/mTOR/PI3K, insulin/IGF1, Ras/Raf/Erk, Shh, Wnt, TGF?, Notch, and NF-?B signaling pathways, which have many tasks in cell proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis and metabolism. It’s important to notice that even metformin –as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy- has anti-CSC activity; further clinical trials are needed for additional emphasis of this effect (Saini and Yang, 2017). To conclude, cancer stem cells are more resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics than the majority of cancer cells, and survival of cancer stem cells likely contributes to tumor recurrence. Theoretically, eliminating cancer stem cells through targeted therapies would increase the efficacy of our existing treatments and lead to more favorable long-term prognoses for many cancer types. Drug discovery nowadays is directed towards cancer field and aims to treat cancer and prevent cancer relapse via targeting cancer stem cells. Some agents were existed before like Disulfiram and metformin, and other agents are totally new.

Essay on The Effects of Global Climate Change - 1013 Words

Every human activity is having a particular effect on our climate. This was noted by the world in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro when it was open for signature by the United Nations Framework on Climate Change. In the Climate Change Convention, the international community agreed to prevent and combat the effects of climate change such as those in agricultural areas, melting icecaps and the increase in sea level. In 1997, governments took the next step and agreed to the Kyoto Protocol which set as its goal the reduction of greenhouse gases emitted by industrialized countries. Global Climate Change is a fact, although there are always skeptics, do not represent in any way a majority group. That is why governments around the world have reacted to†¦show more content†¦The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere contributes to global warming. If nothing is done, by 2100 temperatures could rise between 1.3 and 5 degrees, according to new scientific calculations. Desagraciadamente, conferences of this type, which seeks to achieve a common goal beneficial to humanity as the emission reduction is not completed successfully. It is known that there are many interests at stake that impede their realization. The atmosphere and the processes that maintain their characteristics are not very fast reaction time periods compared to humans. Solutions to the problems of the thinning of the Ozone Layer, Global Warming, a devastating climate changes, it is a matter of years, even decades. It is therefore a concern that must be immediate, you can not expect that the effects become too clear, as you probably already at that time is too late to act to find solutions climate change scenarios for Mexico is very serious, due to the very impact of climatic changes but also highly vulnerable to social, economic and political life. In countries like Mexico, which lack the resources to address and mitigate, where possible, the impacts of climate change, this phenomenon will have major consequences. People living in vulnerable areas, in substandard housing, in areas with water shortages, with serious pollution problems, or rain-fed farming, has no insurance, no food,Show MoreRelatedGlobal Climate Change And Its Effects1582 Words   |  7 Pages​The global climate change was identified late 19th century with more and more greenhouse gases released into atmosphere by human activities. Carbon dioxide, a major human-produced greenhouse gas, accounts for more than 50% of direct contribution to the present-day reinforcing greenhouse gas effect. It is estimated that over half of the carbon dioxide comes from energy sector activities. Energy demand and energy-related carbon emissions in the developing regions cause an increasingly global concernRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Global Climate Change1302 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming was first measured in the 1930s, but it was assumed that the CO2 would be absorbed by the ocean without an harm, so it was not taken as a problem. Climate change is a prominent issue that has been debated on for quite a few decades. According to wikipedia, â€Å"climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide producedRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Climate Change Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe global warming is a controversial and debated topic, but it is no surprise to most people. When we think about our future, we only think about our personal life effects and benefits. Global warming is also an important and troubling situation going on the planet earth. Changes in climate can be resulted from both human activities and natural. Human activities involve careless actions and burning fuels. On the other side, natural events cause climate change by volcanic eruptions. Human activitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Livestock On Global Climate Change794 Words   |  4 Pages What is one major cause of global climate change? One major cause of global climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which causes the warming of the Earth. These greenhouse gases are a result of human activities. Animal agriculture directly and indirectly contributes to the human activities that cause hazardous amounts of methane and carbon dioxide emissions. The impacts of livestock on global climate change are often underestimated and ignored; hence, these greenhouseRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Climate Change1012 Words   |  5 Pagescalled climate change. This period of time may be more than a decade of length. To perform studies on climate change is very important for increasing yields and for insuring the crops for the farmers of the modern day. These studies were used historically too and have helped the agricultural community to grow crops over the same land decade after decade. At present the earth’s average temperature continues to increase. One reason for this is Global warming. There are many negative effects of globalRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Climate Change On The World1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe effects of global climate change are everywhere from major cities to the under populated arctics. Most people just call it global warming, but it is not. By calling it global warming people are assuming that everywhere in the world, temperatures are rising and that it will be hotter all year long, but this is not the case. This is why the scientific community calls it global climate change, because it can be hotter in the Summer time and colder in the Winter time. Global climate change occursRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Climate Change1376 Words   |  6 Pagesfacing is the climate change. The temperature of the earth is warming day by day. According to many scientific researches, conducted on climate change have resulted that sudden climatic changes are the cause of global warming in the environment. The term ‘Global Warming’ is defined as the gradual increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to the greenhouse effects which results in the corresponding changes in the climate. According to IPCC’s research, Earth’s global temperature isRead MoreThe Effects of Global Climate Change Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment everywhere right this very moment. What is causing the damage? Global climate change contributes a great amount of devastation to the world every day. This is important because the change is affecting humans, animals, plants and just about anything else that is living. As a result of global climate change, regions, ecosystems, and agriculture will be greatly affected. There are many things causing global climate change such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. One may noticeRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Climate Change1405 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming, also referred to as climate change, has become a major political topic within recent years. Essentially, a controversial debate exists regarding the causes and subsequent impacts of global warming. Nevertheless, the current consensus by most experts is that evidence unequivocally supports the measurable impacts of global warming, such as increased temperatures, melting ice, etc. A literature review will be conducted in order to present scientific evidence that illustrates the impactsRead MoreClimate Change Is The Effect Of Global Warming936 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is the effect of global warming. Global warming is when the temperature of the earth is rising and this has many effects on the world we know. The greenhouse effect causes global warming. T he greenhouse effect is due to gases being trapped in earths atmosphere and not being released into space beyond our atmosphere. When the gases are built up in the atmosphere the heat from the sun cannot escape and thus acts as a blanket to trap the heat and ultimately gradually heat the temperature

Curriculum development Free Essays

An Analysis of Philippine Educational Curriculum† To attain the progress of our country, the quality of education is one of the factors which contributes to the development of our economy and to have the quality of education, the national curriculum should set a clear direction and should have an empowered teaching force manned by excellent teachers that are properly guided by supervisors, and conducive learning environment that fosters learning among students that includes materials, technology. ND learning resources. In our country, it takes ten years of schooling under basic education and students armorial started going to school at the age of 6 in elementary level, starts in Grade 1 up to Grade 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum development or any similar topic only for you Order Now And proceeds to High School which takes 4 years and after finishing that long years, at the age of 16, they continue studying to higher education. Compared to other developed country, it takes 12 to 13 years of schooling in the basic education. As what Vive read, it says that the longer years of schooling means more learning, more time spent to master skills and develop competencies, deepening of learning outcomes, and more opportunities to be exposed to the learning environment. How to cite Curriculum development, Papers

Identity Essay Example For Students

Identity Essay Not too long ago, I began wondering about my family and where I belonged in terms of the wider society, and so I began some research. I found both positive and negative information about my family that I already knew or had heard about, however, I also discovered some interesting information about my family which I had never been aware of. The one thing that really shaped my identity was the things about my grandfathers immediate family. My grandfathers father, worked as a master shoemaker for German officers throughout the early stages of the Second World War. He was assigned to a ship moving the men to an internment centre. When the Americans came heroically in they bombed the ship, so without any choice my grandfathers father swam back to Germany. Not long after he came to get the family and escaped onto a train. Yet again there was another bombing. The family ended up going to Bengali Displaced Persons camp in Italy, waiting for transportation to some other safe haven; Australia or America. My grandfathers father decided Australia because it was a new country. All the family had were a couple of suitcases and a great big box. The agreement was that they worked for the Australian Government for two years. They came to Australia on the Bundy. My aunty Beate was very small and my aunty Anne was only five years old (grandfathers sisters). When they boarded women were generally asked if they were pregnant and my grandfathers mother declined without hesitation. That was in July; she had my grandfather John in December (1949). She hid the pregnancy as protection. At this stage of their migration they were poor and experiencing terrible conditions whilst abroad the Suez Canal. Immediately after their arrival at Sydney they headed to Parkes (migrant accommodation) where my grandfather John was born. They didnt settle in Parkes for too long as they then moved onto to Scheyville Holding Centre. My grandfathers father continued to earn some money, he moved to Port Kembla for work and travelled quite often back to Scheyville and Parkes. My grandfathers mothers commitment to the family never went unnoticed especially when she started to work through the night just earn cheap factory handouts. They family later left Scheyville in 1951 and moved to Marsden Park (aunty Anne still lives in this same house, with extra, minimal renovations), at that stage in society, there were no street lights and the roads were terrible, it was absolutely black and silent (not many people resided in this area at the time), it absolutely terrified my aunty Anne that she cried herself to sleep most nights. Things in this area were extremely tough and many misfortunate strains such as sicknesses and poverty were placed on the whole family, that I still hear about even today. When the stress started to ease, the family felt at home like there was nowhere else they wanted to be. They started living life again like before all the tension built up they invited their nationality and identity back into their lives by continuing to speak Estonian and having many Estonian things in their home. In 2005, a reunion was held, and my aunty Anne was listening to people, a couple of women were going on well perhaps things were bad she thought, but to her it didnt seem that way. To her she lived there, went to school, ate and played. Although my grandfathers family endured many low lights in their life, they continued to have a positive outlook and as I discovered after researching about this significant part of their life, the children (Aunty Anne, Aunty Beate and grandfather John) never really understood what was happening at the time and so all they saw of their early childhood was what happened to them alone. So, I discovered that I never wanted to be like that, I wanted to learn about world affairs and other peoples world, I then knew that I was never going to be concerned with only me! .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .postImageUrl , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:hover , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:visited , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:active { border:0!important; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:active , .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8e12b4d06143f98c3ff51e2bf063d6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plagiarism EssayThroughout this discovery of life I really began to understand my deeper identity, the part of my identity that no one really knows or can see displayed through my actions. After unearthing all the hardships, deprivation, lies, suffering and cruelty they were faced with, I felt lucky not only because of the fact that I was not in the same situation at such a young age, but also because of the freedom I endure every day, I have rights and I am constantly protected which allows me to feel safe and secure in my body, in my community and in my world.